Storage fat- storage fat is stored in adipose tissuejust benath the skin and around major organs in the body. This fat serves three major functions:
It is used as an insulator to retain body heat
It is used as an energy substrate for metabolism
It is used as a padding against any physical harm to the body,
Essential fat-minimal amount of body fat needed for normal physiological functions constitutes about 3% of total body weight in men and 12% in women. found in tissues such as muscles, bone marrow, nerve cells, liver, heart, lungs, and intestines.
techniques to access body compositions
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry- a method used by profesional medical facilities using low beams of x-ray energy to measure body mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density.
Hydro-static Weighing- a method in which an individual is to sit forward completely underwater for 5-10 seconds while remaining as calm as possible
Air Displacement- a method where the individual sits in a small egg-shaped chamber also known as bod pod.sensors determine the amount of air dis placed by the person inside the chamber. body volume is subtracted by the volume or air inside the chamber while taking in consideration if the air in the individuals lungs.
Skin-fold Thickness-using the following measure sites to determine the amount of subcutaneous fat that is proportional to the amount of total body fat
Women: triceps, supra ilium, and thigh skin folds men: chest, abdomen, and thigh
Girth Measurements- a method used to measuring the circumference on different sites of the body.
Bio electrical Impedance- applying sensors to the skin while a weak electrical current runs through the body, measuring resistance for and estimate of the body fat,lean body mass, and body water.
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metrics to determine recommended body weight
Body mass index-
waist circumference- suggests that where ever fat is stored uggesting that the location of where individuals store their fat influences their risk for diseases.
android obesity-obesity pattern seen in individuals who tend to store fat in the trunk or abdominal area gynoid obesity-obesity pattern seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs
obese individuals with fat stored in their abdomen are more likely to be at risk for heart disease then individuals who have fat stored in their thighs and hips.
Waist-to-height ratio- Waist to height ratio is a simple measurement for assessment of lifestyle risk and overweight. Compared to just measuring waist circumference, waist to height ratio is equally fair for short and tall people.
to get an accurate and repeatable waist measurement:
use the mirror to make sure the measuring tape is horizontal
use a flexible measuring tape so you can snug it against the skin without compressing it.